Elfarra, E.J.R. and Alhanjouri, M.A. 2025. Comparative Analysis of Sports-Inspired Optimization Algorithms in Neural Network Training: A Benchmark Study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Capsule Networks. 7, 4 (Dec. 2025), 362–387. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2025.4.004.