IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
type: channel
publisher: Inventive Research Organization
language: en
publication name: IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
issn: 2582-3167
items: Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformers in Rural Areas During Disaster Times Using Wireless Communication
items: Design and Optimization of RFID Antennas for Enhanced Read Range and Efficiency
items: AI-Driven Adaptive Differential Privacy Framework for Secure Location-Based Services
items: Microstrip Antenna with Low SAR for Wearable IoT Applications
items: Green Wireless Communications: A Review of Sustainable Architectures and Protocols
items: Design and Optimization of Metamaterial Antenna for Enhancing Satellite Communication
items: Analysis of SDN-Orchestrated Solutions for Heterogeneous IoT in 6G Networks
items: A Temporal-Aware Dynamic Graph Neural Network for Learning Evolving Graph Representations
items: Evaluating CRC-8 Detection Performance in Cloud Traffic
items: Enhancing Wi-Fi Link-Layer Reliability for Real-Time Collaboration: A Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation
items: Smart Grid Topology and Error Detection in Smart Meter Networks using CRC
items: Design and Testing of an X-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Microwave Breast Imaging
items: Metaheuristic based Data Management in IoT-Wireless Sensor Networks
items: A Comprehensive Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Advanced Wireless Networks: 5G and Beyond
items: Development of Reflectarray Antenna with Twin Cut Resonator for High Gain X Band Applications
items: Feed Analysis of a Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna
items: Self-Powered RF Sensor Antenna for Implantable and Ingestible Medical Devices
items: Impact of Design Parameters on FSO System under Rain Conditions
items: BiLSTM based Precise Estimation of Rayleigh Fading Channel
items: Design and Optimization of a Smart Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Telemetry Applications
items: Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Antenna for 5G Application
items: Design and Analysis of Fractal Antenna for ISM Band Application
items: Flexible EBG Structure Antenna for ISM Band Applications
items: Compact Clover Antenna Design For 5G Application
items: Design and Implementation of Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 5G Applications
items: Performance Enhancement of Patch Antenna using Cut Slot Techniques for Dual-Band Applications
items: Enhancing Smart City Healthcare with Hybrid Swarm Optimization: A Comparison of MFO-PSO and ACO Approaches
items: Smart Guard: IoT based Driver Health Monitoring and Safety System
items: Smart Hydroponic System for Petroselinum Crispum Growth Monitoring with Nutrition Automation
items: IoT based Kit for Medication Monitoring

Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformers in Rural Areas During Disaster Times Using Wireless Communication
type: item
description: The pole-mounted transformer is very important when distributing electricity to rural areas since these transformers are exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. In case of disasters such as cyclones, floods, and earthquakes, the transformer can easily be affected by problems such as oil leakage, overload of electricity, fire danger, and pole failure. Conventional monitoring of these transformers is conducted manually and the process is inefficient in terms of cost and time in remote and disaster-ridden environments. This research describes the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for monitoring the health status of pole-mounted transformers using wireless technology. This system comprises various types of sensors such as MQ sensors for oil leakages, voltage and current sensors for the flow of electricity, flame sensors to detect fire, and MEMS sensors to measure pole tilt and vibration. The data obtained from the sensors is transmitted by ESP32 microcontroller through the HC-12 wireless transmitter module to the remote monitoring center.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformer Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: ESP32
  topic: keywords
subject: Wireless Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: HC-12
  topic: keywords
subject: Fault Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Power Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Disaster Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudhaman K.
creator: Dharun K.
creator: Vishal Elavarasan S.
creator: Lakshmi Prasanth C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 55
ending page: 67
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2026.2.001

Design and Optimization of RFID Antennas for Enhanced Read Range and Efficiency
type: item
description: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is used in various applications such as logistics and tracking in IoT-based devices with limited factors such as low read range and poor efficiency caused by improper design of the antenna. This paper discusses the design and optimization of a microstrip patch antenna at 915 MHz to overcome such limitations. The performance parameters such as return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain and radiation pattern are studied using simulation techniques. The optimized antenna design shows improved performance of return loss is improved to -20 dB from -8 dB. Similarly, the VSWR is improved to 1.2 from 2.5. The gain is also improved to 5-7 dBi from 2 dBi. This shows that the design has improved performance of impedance matching and gain. This design is better than the traditional RFID antenna in impedance matching and gain. This design is structurally optimized. The read range is improved to 8-12 m from 3 m. This demonstrates that the design is both dependable and efficient performance. This design may be utilized in many applications including logistics and tracking in IoT-based devices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
  topic: keywords
subject: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT-based Devices
  topic: keywords
subject: CST Microwave
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharmila A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 44
ending page: 54
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2026.1.004

AI-Driven Adaptive Differential Privacy Framework for Secure Location-Based Services
type: item
description: Location-Based Services (LBS) is an integral component of the modern digital environment, enabling the delivery of applications like smart city management and personalized mobile services. However, the service is challenged by privacy concerns due to the perpetual requirement for accurate spatial-temporal data. Although conventional privacy protection mechanisms like Differential Privacy (DP) offer strong theoretical guarantees of privacy, the approach is often based on a static privacy budget (ε) that does not offer satisfactory results when considering the data utility-privacy trade-off across various applications. In the present study, an adaptive Differential Privacy approach is proposed, enabled by the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. The approach allows the system to adapt the static privacy budget by adjusting the value of ε based on the contextual sensitivity of the query. Using the Random Forest algorithm, the system is able to evaluate the risks of the query by considering various parameters like the nature of the location, time factor, and user behavior. The experimental results based on a synthetic dataset for 5,000 location queries show that the proposed method significantly enhances the privacy utility trade-off. In specific terms, the proposed method reduces the success rate of inference attack by 49.2%, while utility is preserved with an increase in MAE by 63.7% for a controlled scenario. This demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method for adaptive and scalable privacy protection using ML and DP for LBS environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Differential Privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Location-Based Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Random Forest
  topic: keywords
subject: Privacy-Utility Trade-Off
  topic: keywords
creator: Kesavan G D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 19
ending page: 31
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2026.1.002

Microstrip Antenna with Low SAR for Wearable IoT Applications
type: item
description: This article discusses the methods used to design and analyze a small, flexible microstrip antenna for IoT devices. The antenna operates at 2.4 GHz, which is in the ISM band and is usually used for short-range communication. The radiating patch has a circular slot in it to acheive wide bandwidth and even current flow. To maintain stable antenna characteristics and prevent unwanted radiation from reaching the human body, a full ground plane is used. The bandwidth of the antenna is about 200 MHz, and the resonance frequency is 2.4 GHz with a return loss of about -28 dB. The radiation pattern of the antenna is quasi-omnidirectional with a maximum gain in the range of 3.2 to 3.5 dBi. The efficiency in open space is in the range of 80-85%, while when the antenna is in contact with the human body, it is more than 75%. The results of the bending analysis show that the performance of the antenna is almost unaffected by bending. Additionally, the SAR value is within the allowed range.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Flexible Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Wearable IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Microstrip Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Bending Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Megaladevi S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 32
ending page: 43
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2026.1.003

Green Wireless Communications: A Review of Sustainable Architectures and Protocols
type: item
description: The rapid growth of wireless communication systems and devices has increased global energy consumption in wireless communication networks. Therefore, wireless communication technologies are advancing towards the development of fifth-generation wireless communication systems and beyond, i.e., towards the development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. It is important that the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems considered a significant parameter along with data rate, delay and reliability. Green wireless communication systems aim to reduce the power consumption of wireless communication systems minimize carbon emissions and make wireless communication systems environmentally sustainable. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable wireless communication systems and energy-efficient protocols for green wireless communication systems. This study discusses various architectural strategies such as energy-efficient base stations, heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks, cloud radio access networks, adaptive networks, renewable energy and their role enables wireless networks to modify their behavior according to the nature of the data and availability of resources. Further, the paper discusses the role of sustainable wireless protocols in all layers of wireless communication, where techniques like power control, duty cycle, energy-efficient routing and transport protocols are playing a significant role in removing the unnecessary communication and utilizing resources efficiently. It also discusses enabling technologies that can be utilized in energy-efficient network operation including energy harvesting, cognitive radio, artificial intelligence, edge computing and network virtualization. Moreover, some of the major challenges in energy-efficient wireless communication including decisions, complexity, security, cost, and regulatory issues, are addressed. This study provides an sustainable wireless communication can be achieved b…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Wireless Communications
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: 5G
  topic: keywords
subject: 6G
  topic: keywords
subject: Wireless Protocols
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Architectures
  topic: keywords
creator: Duraipandian M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2026.1.001

Design and Optimization of Metamaterial Antenna for Enhancing Satellite Communication
type: item
description: This paper presents the design and optimization of a multi-band antenna intended for use in satellite communications. The antenna consists of a pentagonal patch multi-band antenna that uses a metamaterial of split ring resonators to enhance its electromagnetic performance. Some disadvantages associated with conventional antennas include being large, having a limited bandwidth and producing high levels of signal reflection. The performance of the antenna is effective in the C, X, and Ku satellite communication bands. The proposed SRR-based pentagonal patch antenna has a low level of reflection with S11<-10dB; a gain of 4.96dB; and a VSWR<2 indicating that very little of the transmitted signal will be reflected back from the antenna. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is also very concentrated in 2D space, resulting in higher signal strength and lower interference. Ansys HFSS simulation of the proposed antenna design indicated potential applications for satellite internet, global positioning, remote sensing, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Because of its low weight, low cost, and scalable design characteristics, the proposed antenna is expected to be fully compatible with next generation satellite systems. Future improvements to the proposed antenna may include adaptive beamforming and tunable metamaterials to further enhance its satellite communication capabilities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metamaterial Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Split Ring Resonator (SRR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Pentagon Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiband Operation
  topic: keywords
subject: Satellite Communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Arsavarthini P.
creator: Faheema M.B.
creator: Iniya S.
creator: Karthika R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 305
ending page: 326
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.4.004

Analysis of SDN-Orchestrated Solutions for Heterogeneous IoT in 6G Networks
type: item
description: The sixth generation (6G) networks facilitate the provision of large-scale, heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) applications with a variety of requirements such as latency, reliability, scalability and data rates that are higher than the limits of traditional network architectures. The drawbacks of current network architectures for implementing heterogeneous IoT applications increased in dynamicity and complexity connected to these kinds of networks. SDN Solutions provide an effective approach to implement the heterogeneous IoT for 6G Networks. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of SDN-based architecture, orchestration mechanism and control strategies includes to connect and improve the performance of related technologies such as NFV, edge and fog computing, network slicing and AI. This paper will explain the SDN-based orchestration improves interoperability, resource allocation, quality of service and security for heterogeneous IoT use cases. This study concludes with future research directions for smart, autonomous and resilient SDN-enabled IoT systems in next-generation 6G Networks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
  topic: keywords
subject: Heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT)
  topic: keywords
subject: 6G Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Orchestration
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Service (QoS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Surekha Lanka
creator: Shuvra Tripura
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 289
ending page: 304
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.4.003

A Temporal-Aware Dynamic Graph Neural Network for Learning Evolving Graph Representations
type: item
description: Many computer science studies, including communication networks, software dependency graphs, transaction systems and knowledge graphs produce dynamic graphs in which nodes and edges are continuously updated. Standard Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are mainly designed for static network architectures and do not accurately capture temporal dynamics or structural changes. When designing real-time dynamic systems, this issue includes data loss and low performance. To solve this issue, this study introduces a Temporal-Aware Dynamic Graph Neural Network (TDGNN) that generates both structural and temporal representations from building graphs. The method combines temporal encoding with graph convolution to maintain previous connections to change the new nodes and edges. A memory-based temporal aggregation method is provided to maintain long-term data knowledge without retraining the model from the initial stage. The experimental evaluation of standard dynamic graph datasets proposed TDGNN performs traditional static and snapshot-driven GNN models in terms of accuracy and stability. The results show that implementing temporal awareness significantly improves representation learning for dynamic graph data, make the proposed method suitable for next-generation graph-based software systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dynamic Graph Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporal Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Graph Representation Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporal Encoding
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Venkadesh P.
creator: Divya S.V.
creator: Sukesh R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 276
ending page: 288
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.4.002

Evaluating CRC-8 Detection Performance in Cloud Traffic
type: item
description: The cloud infrastructure settings used to maintain security across distributed servers, lively and reliable data transport is necessary. Error detection techniques like Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) provides accuracy with low cost is important for increasing traffic volumes. This paper examines the binary format and functional role of the CRC-8 polynomial to keep data validity during server-to-server communication. The CRC identify the most common error patterns by this analysis. If it fails in some situations then sudden errors will match the generating polynomial. The performance of CRC has the detection accuracy, correction capability, bandwidth cost and relevance across various networking environments proposed in this paper compared to Forward Error Correction and Two-Dimensional Parity Checking. CRC receives 50,000 messages daily. A 1 KB payload with 16-bit CRC capability is included in every transfer. According to the test, CRC produces a 0.195% delay per message and needs 0.095MB of bandwidth. Furthermore, CRC prevents 2% of retransmissions by saving ten times more bandwidth. These result show that the polynomial provides high error detection with less resource usage is one of the most effective techniques for high-volume cloud traffic. However, FEC or hybrid algorithms are the most suitable for settings that require strong correction capabilities such as satellite connections, radio channels, or latency-sensitive systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cloud Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Error detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Integrity
  topic: keywords
subject: Forward Error Correction (FEC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Bandwidth Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: High-Throughput Networks
  topic: keywords
creator: Vijitha Ananthi J.
creator: Jahnavi S.
creator: Sushmitha M.
creator: Vasantha M.
creator: Bhanu Sasank S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 260
ending page: 275
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.4.001

Enhancing Wi-Fi Link-Layer Reliability for Real-Time Collaboration: A Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation
type: item
description: A reliable Wi-Fi network is required to enable real-time collaboration for situations like campus hackathons that participants utilize wireless connectivity for tasks like screen sharing and code synchronization. The consumers experience of missed content or duplicate updates suggests issues with the link layer rather than the physical layer, despite a variety of strong network signals. Basic processes that directly affect data consistency and integrity across different devices and operating systems are handled by the link layer including framing, error detection, flow control, acknowledgments and retransmissions. This study explains the influence of link-layer behavior on data dependability in dense heterogeneous Wi-Fi networks. It demonstrates that differences in driver implementation, retransmission policy and acknowledgment processing result in irregular content delivery. A WLAN simulation was built using Cisco Packet Tracer to simulate real-time data transport under various loads and interference conditions. The purpose of simulating the link layer services is to transmit content without duplication or corruption, the simulation examines packet retransmission, acknowledgment latency and frame loss. The results demonstrate that adjustments to retransmission limits, block ACK activation, and adaptive flow control design improve dependability. Wi-Fi 6/6E access points, QoS prioritization (IEEE 802.11e/WMM), and comparable NIC firmware versions on devices improve stability and lower latency. The study results, indicate that link-layer efficiency in wireless dependability is affected as much by signal strength as by other factors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wi-Fi
  topic: keywords
subject: Link Layer
  topic: keywords
subject: Error Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Retransmissions
  topic: keywords
subject: Acknowledgments
  topic: keywords
subject: Wireless Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-time Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: WLAN.
  topic: keywords
creator: Vijitha Ananthi J.
creator: Harshita G.
creator: Gnaneswar R.
creator: Charishma I.
creator: Dhanush D.S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 238
ending page: 259
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.3.003

Smart Grid Topology and Error Detection in Smart Meter Networks using CRC
type: item
description: In smart grid infrastructure, where Smart Meters continuously send usage data to central servers for invoicing, monitoring, and optimization, data transmission reliability is crucial. However, transmission mistakes brought on by noise, interference, and signal attenuation can impair system performance. In this study, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is used and tested as an error detection method in Smart Meter communication networks. In comparison to conventional parity approaches, CRC offers greater safety by using polynomial division to identify single-bit and burst mistakes with high accuracy. To investigate the operational efficacy, bandwidth effect, and error detection properties of CRC, a smart grid network was simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer. These findings confirm that CRC is a cost-effective, scalable, and safe method for ensuring dependable communication in wide-area smart grid configurations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Smart Grids
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Meter
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Generator Polynomial
  topic: keywords
subject: Error Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Band- width Overhead
  topic: keywords
subject: Retransmission
  topic: keywords
creator: Vijitha Ananthi J.
creator: Vasantha Lakshmi S.
creator: Manisha N.
creator: Harika A.
creator: Amrutha M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 221
ending page: 237
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.3.002

Design and Testing of an X-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Microwave Breast Imaging
type: item
description: Breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in women, indicating the need for effective, non-destructive, and radiation-free imaging technology. Microwave imaging is an adequate instrument with the potential to differentiate between cancerous and normal tissue based on contrast in dielectric properties. The design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement of a 7.97 GHz X-band microstrip patch antenna for biomedical high-resolution applications of microwave breast imaging are presented in this paper. The antenna is fabricated on jean material with a thickness of 1 mm as a wearable flexible substrate for biomedical applications. The return loss value and VSWR, calculated with Ansys HFSS Student Edition, are -26.3 dB and nearly 1, indicating good impedance matching as well as a lack of signal reflection. Operation at high frequencies offers better spatial resolution for more precise tumor detection. The new antenna will be simulated and tested at an experimental level to verify its effectiveness in practice. Future work will include optimization of depth penetration, bandwidth, and incorporation into a multi-element imaging system for diagnostic applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microstrip Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: X-Band Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Microwave Imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast Cancer Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Flexible Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Jean Fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: Return Loss
  topic: keywords
subject: VSWR
  topic: keywords
subject: Ansys HFSS
  topic: keywords
creator: Lavanya M.
creator: Karthika R.
creator: Srigurupriya A. M.
creator: Narmadha C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-09-05
publication date: 2025-09-05
starting page: 207
ending page: 220
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.3.001

Metaheuristic based Data Management in IoT-Wireless Sensor Networks
type: item
description: The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has produced smart connected systems capable of collecting a large number of data and then making decisions based on that data. These systems encounter unique challenges such as limited power, excessive redundant data, and inefficient routing protocols. This review work provides solutions to these problems by employing metaheuristic-based algorithms that could better manage data in IoT-WSNs, focusing mainly on data fusion and reduction methods, finding the best route selection, and energy conservation. This study will also compare the most common metaheuristic-based algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) and it will discuss the different constraints which they may encounter.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Internet of Things (IoT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Algorithm (GA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
  topic: keywords
subject: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
  topic: keywords
subject: Firefly Algorithm (FA)
  topic: keywords
creator: Hari Krishnan Andi
creator: Divya
creator: Hishamuddin Bin M. Salleh.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
starting page: 193
ending page: 206
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.008

A Comprehensive Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Advanced Wireless Networks: 5G and Beyond
type: item
description: The fast development of wireless communication technologies, especially the move to the next generation of 6G wireless networks, has encouraged the demand for smart, flexible, and competent system design. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a game-changing enabler, providing robust solutions to handle the high level of complexity and dynamics in advanced wireless networks. This review paper introduces an in-depth overview of how AI methods can be used in the planning, optimization, and operation of 5G and beyond wireless networks. It offers a systematic inference about the incorporation of various AI approaches into major frameworks such as resource distribution, mobility management, network slicing, interference avoidance, and predictive maintenance. Moreover, the article discusses the difficulties associated with the application of AI-driven architectures in practice, pointing out concerns regarding data privacy, the interpretability of the models, computational load, and scalability. The review also presents emerging research directions and open challenges, aiming to provide researchers and practitioners with a foundational understanding of the integration of AI and next-generation wireless communication systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: 5G Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Karthik Kumar Vaigandla
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 175
ending page: 192
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.007

Development of Reflectarray Antenna with Twin Cut Resonator for High Gain X Band Applications
type: item
description: This paper presents a high-gain reflect array antenna design that utilizes a double-cut ring structure to enhance performance in terms of gain and bandwidth. Reflect array antennas are recognized for their lightweight, low-profile characteristics and capability to achieve high directivity. However, their performance is often constrained by the phase shift range and accuracy of the reflecting elements. To overcome these limitations, the proposed design incorporates an innovative double-cut ring element structure, which improves phase control across a broad frequency range, resulting in enhanced beam-steering capabilities and increased gain. The double-cut ring structure is optimized to achieve a substantial phase shift range, contributing to the antenna's high-gain performance by facilitating precise phase correction throughout the array. The proposed structure illustrates the effectiveness of the double-cut ring configuration as a viable solution for improving the gain and operational bandwidth of reflect array antennas. The maximum gain achieved is 44.5 dBi at 10 GHz, and the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) plot indicates a value of 1.04 at the resonant frequency of 10 GHz.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High-Gain Reflect Array Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Double-Cut Ring Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Phase Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Beam-Steering
  topic: keywords
subject: Bandwidth Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: VSWR
  topic: keywords
creator: Sivasankari N.
creator: Abishek K.
creator: Jerry Abraham J.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 166
ending page: 174
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.006

Feed Analysis of a Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna
type: item
description: The feeding methods of coaxial, microstrip line, and proximity-coupled feeds significantly influence the performance of microstrip patch antennas. While proximity-coupled microstrip patch antennas have been explored for various applications, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the optimal positioning and length of the proximity-coupled feed. This study investigates the impact of feed line length on the performance of a proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna. The findings reveal that the resonance frequency is directly affected by the length of the feed line; specifically, as the feed line length increases, the antenna resonates at a higher frequency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microstrip Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Feeding Techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Proximity Coupled Feed
  topic: keywords
subject: Feed Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sivasankari N.
creator: Kaleeswari A.
creator: Padmatharshini A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 154
ending page: 165
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.005

Self-Powered RF Sensor Antenna for Implantable and Ingestible Medical Devices
type: item
description: Radio frequency (RF) devices such as antennas play a crucial role in implantable and ingestible medical devices (IMDs) by enabling wireless communication, energy harvesting, and localization links between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). Implantable and ingestible medical devices (IMDs) have transformed modern healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring and improving treatment outcomes. Radio frequency (RF) sensor antennas are key components in these devices and are widely used in biomedical applications for early diagnosis, treatment, and continuous health monitoring. RF-enabled IMDs monitor vital parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels, oxygen saturation, pH, and blood composition. These antennas also support devices like pacemakers and defibrillators in managing cardiac conditions. In addition to human healthcare, they are applied in animal health monitoring and veterinary diagnostics. Implanted antennas detect physiological changes and wirelessly transmit data to external processing units, allowing real-time access for medical experts. This integration of RF sensing in IMDs enhances the ability to detect diseases early and deliver timely interventions, making them essential tools in both clinical and remote healthcare settings. This article presents two RF sensor antennas—FR-4 integrated (Ant-1) and miniaturized helical (Ant-2)—designed for implantable and ingestible medical devices, particularly in veterinary applications, operating in the 400–500 MHz range. Ant-1 is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate (51×28×1.6 mm³, ℇr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.002), resonating at 434 MHz with a bandwidth of 32.13 MHz and a total gain of approximately –36.92 dB without the phantom model and with the phantom in an acceptable range. Ant-2 is a miniaturized normal-mode helical antenna made of 0.9 mm diameter copper wire, also resonating at 434 MHz and both antennas integrate a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor to enhance wireless sensing. SAW sensors utilize acousti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Radio Frequency (RF)
  topic: keywords
subject: Transmitter (Tx)
  topic: keywords
subject: Receiver (Rx)
  topic: keywords
subject: Implantable and Ingestible Medical Devices (IMDs)
  topic: keywords
subject: FR-4 (Flame Retardant Grade-4)
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
  topic: keywords
creator: Abhishek Kumar Saroj
creator: Ravi Mali
creator: Praveen Singh Rathore
creator: Ajitesh
creator: Manoj Kumar Meshram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-23
publication date: 2025-05-23
starting page: 140
ending page: 153
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.004

Impact of Design Parameters on FSO System under Rain Conditions
type: item
description: In wireless communication, FSO promises to provide high-speed communication under extremely vulnerable atmospheric conditions. This study evaluates the effect of system design parameters for moderate rain conditions by simulating the proposed model using Optisystem 22.0. In this work, the divergence angle and the aperture diameter were varied, and their effects on the system were observed in terms of the signal quality, Bits in error, and the receiver's optical power. The findings show that increasing the divergence angle degrades system performance, whereas an increase in the receiver’s aperture diameter improves the signal quality at the receiver side. The observed eye diagram reveals that the received signal quality is improved as it has less Inter-Symbol Interference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Free Space Optical Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Beam Divergence
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical Power
  topic: keywords
subject: Photodetector
  topic: keywords
subject: Q-Factor
  topic: keywords
creator: Ankita Purohit
creator: Sharbari Deb
creator: Garima Mathur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-20
publication date: 2025-05-20
starting page: 122
ending page: 139
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.003

BiLSTM based Precise Estimation of Rayleigh Fading Channel
type: item
description: Accurate wireless channel estimation is essential for optimizing communication systems, particularly in 5G and future wireless networks. This study explores a deep learning-based approach to estimate the received power in a wireless channel, using distance, fading effects, and noise characteristics as input features. The deep neural network is designed with multiple hidden layers, incorporating batch normalization, dropout regularization, and L2 weight decay to enhance generalization and stability. The model is trained on synthetically generated channel data, simulating path loss, Rayleigh fading, and additive noise to represent realistic propagation conditions. The proposed deep learning model is trained using Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss and optimized with the Adam optimizer, along with a learning rate scheduler to improve convergence. Evaluation shows that the model achieves a low Mean Absolute Error (MAE), indicating strong predictive accuracy. The simulated and predicted power curves demonstrate minimal deviation, confirming the model's capability to generalize well across different channel conditions. Results suggest that this deep learning-based channel estimation approach effectively captures complex propagation characteristics, making it suitable for real-time applications in wireless communication systems. The model can aid in beamforming, resource allocation, and interference management, contributing to enhanced network efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wireless Channel Estimation
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Rayleigh Fading
  topic: keywords
subject: Path Loss
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Power Prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: Adam Optimizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Rate Scheduling
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeyalakshmi V.
creator: Yogadharshini J.
creator: Kalaivani U.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-20
publication date: 2025-05-20
starting page: 112
ending page: 121
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.002

Design and Optimization of a Smart Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Telemetry Applications
type: item
description: The development of a compact, efficient, and multifunctional wearable antenna is specifically designed to support biotelemetry applications such as continuous physiological monitoring, remote diagnostics, and data transmission for medical purposes. The proposed antenna incorporates novel materials and design strategies, including high flexibility, a lightweight structure, and biocompatibility, ensuring comfort and wearability for long-term use. Optimization techniques, such as parameter variation, simulation-driven design, and fabrication considerations, are employed to achieve desirable radiation characteristics, minimal interference with body tissues, and optimal integration with wearable sensors. The antenna's gain, bandwidth, and operating frequency are all designed to minimize power consumption and satisfy the demanding needs of biotelemetry systems. The antenna is crafted from Polyimide Lossy material and has overall dimensions of 40 mm × 30 mm × 0.1 mm. The completed antenna has a 10 dB bandwidth that is centered at 2.4 GHz and functions at that frequency. According to simulation data, it has minimal effects on efficiency, bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Resonant Frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: Operational Bandwidth
  topic: keywords
subject: Compact Size
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Simulation Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Directivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Aruna V V.
creator: Annalakshmi T.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-05-20
publication date: 2025-05-20
starting page: 102
ending page: 111
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.2.001

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Antenna for 5G Application
type: item
description: This research presents the design and analysis of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based slot antenna for high-frequency microwave applications. The antenna structure is developed on a Rogers 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity (εr) of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.6 mm, offering low dielectric losses and stable performance. The SIW cavity is formed using periodic metallic vias with a radius of 0.25 mm and a pitch of 0.8 mm, ensuring effective confinement of the guided wave. A longitudinal slot is etched on the top metallic plane to enable efficient radiation. The overall dimensions of the SIW are 17 mm in length and 8 mm in width, making the antenna compact and suitable for integration in planar circuits. The proposed SIW slot antenna exhibits desirable characteristics such as directional radiation, low profile, and high efficiency, making it promising for applications in wireless communication, radar systems, and compact RF front-ends.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Substrate Integrated Waveguide
  topic: keywords
subject: Defected Ground Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Simulation Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Printed Circuit Board
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  topic: keywords
subject: Leaky-Wave Antennas
  topic: keywords
creator: Ganesh Babu T.R.
creator: Praveena R.
creator: Pramod Kumar B.
creator: Harshith Sri Sai N.
creator: Supriya M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-04-17
publication date: 2025-04-17
starting page: 90
ending page: 101
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.007

Design and Analysis of Fractal Antenna for ISM Band Application
type: item
description: The research presents the design and analysis of a compact fractal antenna optimized for ISM band applications at operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna utilizes a self-similar fractal geometry with overall dimensions of just 10 mm × 10 mm, making it highly suitable for space-constrained wireless devices such as IoT modules, RFID systems, and wearable technology. The feed-line width is precisely optimized at 0.50 mm to ensure effective impedance matching and minimal signal loss. Performance analysis, conducted using CST Microwave Studio, reveals a return loss (S11) of less than -10 dB and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) ranging approximately between 1 and 2, indicating efficient signal transmission with minimal reflection. Furthermore, the antenna achieves a gain between 3 dBi and 6 dBi, demonstrating strong radiation characteristics suitable for reliable short-range to mid-range communication. The results confirm the capability of the proposed fractal antenna as a compact, efficient, and multi-band solution for modern wireless communication systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microstrip Patch Antennas
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrowband
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-Band
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultra-Wideband
  topic: keywords
subject: WiMAX
  topic: keywords
subject: CST Microwave Studio
  topic: keywords
subject: FR4 Substrate
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiation Patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Gain Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Compact Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Praveena R.
creator: Boopathi S.G.
creator: Karthi K.
creator: Krishnan K.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 73
ending page: 89
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.006

Flexible EBG Structure Antenna for ISM Band Applications
type: item
description: The electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) antenna, designed for ISM band applications, demonstrates a sophisticated interaction of structural and electrical parameters to optimize performance. This antenna is carefully engineered with an overall size of 70mm × 80mm to ensure efficient radiation characteristics and operation at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna design uses an EBG ring structure, with an inner diameter of 3mm and an outer diameter of 6mm, FR-4 substrate, for featuring a dielectric constant of 3.8, and a precisely calculated feed-line width of 2.4mm × 20.7mm to ensure the optimal impedance matching, reducing signal losses. The 0.035mm thick copper conductor is used in reinforcing the conductivity, while the 1.6mm thick substrate is used for further supporting the structural integrity. Additionally, the 20mm EBG radius aids in controlling electromagnetic interference and improving radiation control. The proposed antenna design minimizes signal reflection, by maintaining the return loss (S11) below -10 dB, as well as ensuring a better transmission efficiency. A VSWR value between 1 and 2 further confirms superior impedance matching, preventing excessive power loss, while the gain, ranging from 3 to 6 dBi, highlights strong signal radiation capabilities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EBG
  topic: keywords
subject: Antenna Design
  topic: keywords
subject: ISM band
  topic: keywords
subject: FR-4 Substrate
  topic: keywords
subject: Copper Conductor
  topic: keywords
creator: Praveena R.
creator: Ganesh Babu T.R.
creator: Praveenkumar S.
creator: Ragul R.
creator: Sivakumar M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 57
ending page: 72
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.005

Compact Clover Antenna Design For 5G Application
type: item
description: The research presents the design and analysis of a compact clover-shaped antenna optimized for millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G applications operating within the 24–28 GHz frequency band. The proposed antenna features a compact footprint of 10 mm × 10 mm and is fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, known for its excellent dielectric properties suitable for high-frequency applications. The feed-line width is optimized to 2.20 mm for proper impedance matching, resulting in a return loss (S11) of less than -10 dB and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in the range of 1 to 2, ensuring efficient power transfer. The antenna achieves a peak gain between 5 to 7 dBi and supports a 4 GHz bandwidth, making it well-suited for wideband 5G communications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 5G Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Millimeter-wave (mmWave)
  topic: keywords
subject: Clover Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Beam Steering
  topic: keywords
subject: Wideband Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: High Gain Antenna
  topic: keywords
creator: Ganesh Babu T. R.
creator: Praveena R.
creator: Dhinesh J.
creator: Hari Prasath S.
creator: Kishore Kumar S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 43
ending page: 56
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.004

Design and Implementation of Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 5G Applications
type: item
description: This study analyses Substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW) using design, simulation, and performance evaluation over a frequency range of 26 GHz to 36 GHz. The structural diagram details a rectangular structure with perforations along its longer edges. The S-parameter plot shows good impedance matching at ports with high isolation between them. The VSWR plot indicates moderate to good impedance matching, with values ranging from approximately 1.2 to 3.5. The SIW highest field intensity is observed near the perforations and edges. Simulation results correlate field patterns with performance characteristics. The device demonstrates minimal reflection at the specific frequencies, enhancing transmission efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: SIW
  topic: keywords
subject: VSWR
  topic: keywords
subject: Impedance Matching
  topic: keywords
subject: Field Intensity. Rectangular Structure
  topic: keywords
creator: Ganesh Babu T. R.
creator: Mounitha M.
creator: Shivamadhura S.
creator: Vishnupriya S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 31
ending page: 42
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.003

Performance Enhancement of Patch Antenna using Cut Slot Techniques for Dual-Band Applications
type: item
description: The microstrip patch antenna has been developed and analyzed to meet the increasing demand for cost-effective, low-profile antennas suitable for various wireless applications, such as mobile phones and communication devices. To improve performance, the proposed design integrates a cut-slot structure and an inset feed technique. The proposed antenna design uses a cotton, with a dielectric constant of 1.61 and a loss tangent of 0.01, as the substrate material, offering a low dielectric constant to minimize return loss. Simulations, conducted using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software, demonstrate a dual-frequency operation at 1.76 GHz and 3.42 GHz, suitable for targeted S-band applications. The final antenna structure achieves a gain enhancement of 5.43 dBi, indicating a significant improvement in performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CST
  topic: keywords
subject: Gain
  topic: keywords
subject: Patch Antenna
  topic: keywords
subject: Inset Feed
  topic: keywords
creator: Pandimadevi M.
creator: Sangeetha S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-03-15
publication date: 2025-03-15
starting page: 19
ending page: 30
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.002

Enhancing Smart City Healthcare with Hybrid Swarm Optimization: A Comparison of MFO-PSO and ACO Approaches
type: item
description: Optimal healthcare transportation is a key challenge of smart cities, particularly in cases of emergencies, when traffic congestion and inefficient routing cause delays. In this work, a new hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm based on Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for optimizing real-time multi-source multi-destination (MSMD) traffic routing in healthcare services is presented. The hybrid approach dynamically adjusts vehicle paths based on traffic conditions to reduce travel time, improve traffic flow, and minimize fuel consumption. Simulation experiments based on the NetLogo platform show that the hybrid strategy saves travel time by 14%, maximizes throughput by 6.4%, and conserves energy by 7.5% compared to individual optimization approaches. This study demonstrates the potential of hybrid swarm optimization to optimize healthcare logistics and emergency response systems in smart cities. Future research will focus on further improving the optimization by exploring machine learning-based predictive routing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Smart City
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Traffic Routing
  topic: keywords
subject: Swarm Optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: MFO-PSO-ACO
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-Time Optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohan Reddy Sareddy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-03-11
publication date: 2025-03-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2025.1.001

Smart Guard: IoT based Driver Health Monitoring and Safety System
type: item
description: The research presents the design and implementation of an embedded system for monitoring and enhancing driver safety using a combination of health and environmental sensors, along with location and communication modules. The system integrates a heartbeat sensor, sweat sensor, ultrasonic sensor, GPS, and GSM module to provide real-time monitoring and alerts. The heartbeat sensor and sweat sensor track the driver’s physiological conditions, detecting signs of stress or health issues. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the vehicle’s surroundings to prevent collisions. The GPS module tracks the vehicle’s location, and the GSM module enables communication with a central server and the emergency contacts. This system aims to improve driver safety by providing real-time health monitoring, environmental awareness, and emergency response capabilities, representing a significant advancement in the integration of embedded systems and IoT technologies in automotive safety applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Internet of Things (IoT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Automotive Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-Time Health Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Driver Safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Krupa Prasad K R.
creator: Aunsha M S.
creator: Chandan Kumar N M.
creator: Madan Kumar P.
creator: Swarna S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-02-08
publication date: 2025-02-08
starting page: 353
ending page: 361
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2024.4.006

Smart Hydroponic System for Petroselinum Crispum Growth Monitoring with Nutrition Automation
type: item
description: Hydroponics is a technique of growing plants using a water-based nutrient solution rather than soil and is well suited for small farmers, hobbyists, and commercial enterprises. It involves growing plants in a nutrient solution with or without a soilless substrate for physical support. A hydroponic system is an essential component of a plant factory. By using fewer resources, hydroponics is seen as a more sustainable option than traditional agriculture. This proposed study aims to provide a brief overview of hydroponic systems based on existing research and suggest an approach to enhance real-time monitoring of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) plant growth. The research aims to develop an optimal environment for plant growth while minimizing resource wastage and maximizing yields by maintaining proper nutrient levels.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hydroponics
  topic: keywords
subject: Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrition deficiency Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
creator: Asha C N.
creator: Sheetal N.
creator: Divya G G.
creator: Chandhini Kumari Arpitha M R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-02-07
publication date: 2025-02-07
starting page: 342
ending page: 352
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2024.4.005

IoT based Kit for Medication Monitoring
type: item
description: Medication non-adherence remains a significant challenge in healthcare, leading to suboptimal patient outcomes and increased medical expenditures. This study introduces an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-based kit designed to monitor medication adherence. The proposed kit employs various sensors to ensure precise tracking and supervision of medication intake. Its seamless integration with a cloud platform facilitates remote access, real-time data processing, and storage. Through an intuitive mobile application or web interface, users receive personalized notifications and reminders to assist them in adhering to their medication schedules. Furthermore, the kit offers historical data tracking, enabling both users and healthcare professionals to assess adherence trends over time. This IoT-based medication monitoring kit provides a connected and intelligent approach to optimizing medication management in contemporary healthcare settings, thereby enhancing health outcomes and improving patient care. It represents a promising solution to the issue of medication non-adherence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: IR Sensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Arduino UNO
  topic: keywords
subject: Telegram App
  topic: keywords
creator: Asha C N.
creator: Yashawini P.
creator: Pranathi M P.
creator: Sneha N G.
creator: Veerapureddy Akshaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems
date: 2025-02-07
publication date: 2025-02-07
starting page: 333
ending page: 341
doi: 10.36548/jsws.2024.4.004