Abstract
The stand-alone creatinine test kit design is home care monitoring technology, i.e., patients at risk of kidney injury or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The new kit enables individuals to self-calculate their own creatinine levels better and more precisely without necessarily utilizing the services of well-trained professional health care providers. The primary intention of this kit is to reduce the need for professional medical care to the utmost level, thus emulating an automated process. The test kit is provided with a simple, easy-to-handle system, including a urine sample collection device and colorimetric assay for the determination of creatinine. It can provide results in a few minutes with instant feedback on kidney function. The self-testing creatinine kit aims to ensure patient autonomy and allow for the early detection of kidney disorders, thus facilitating early medical care. The kit has been prepared for use by common patients who are far from hospitals or do not have easy access to hospitals.
References
- Park, Jaehyeong, Nam Hee Kwon, Seon Yeong Kim, Beom Jun Ko, and Jin Young Kim. "Urinary creatinine concentration and urine color as indicators of specimen validity test." Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (2023): 41.
- Prowle, John R., Bernard Croal, Thomas EF Abbott, Brian H. Cuthbertson, and Duminda N. Wijeysundera. "Cystatin C or creatinine for pre-operative assessment of kidney function and risk of post-operative acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of the METS cohort study." Clinical Kidney Journal 17, no. 1 (2024): sfae004.
- Demirjian, Sevag, C. Allen Bashour, Andrew Shaw, Jesse D. Schold, James Simon, David Anthony, Edward Soltesz, and Crystal A. Gadegbeku. "Predictive accuracy of a perioperative laboratory test–based prediction model for moderate to severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery." Jama 327, no. 10 (2022): 956-964.
- Gao, Xiaoshuai, Turun Song, Liao Peng, Chi Yuan, Wei Wang, Jixiang Chen, Kaiwen Xiao, and Xin Wei. "Self-expanding metal ureteral stent for ureteral stricture: experience of a large-scale prospective study from a high-volume center-Cross-sectional study." International Journal of Surgery 95 (2021): 106161.
- Gao, Xiaoshuai, Jixiang Chen, Zhongyu Jian, Menghua Wang, Wei Wang, Liao Peng, Zhenghuan Liu, and Xin Wei. "Initial experience of self-expanding metal ureteral stent in recurrent ureteral stricture after ureteroplasty." Frontiers in Surgery 8 (2021): 765810.
- Jakubowski, Bethany Ellen, Richard Stevens, Hannah Wilson, Layla Lavallee, Lesley Brittain, Carole Crawford, James Hodgkinson et al. "Cross‐sectional diagnostic accuracy study of self‐testing for proteinuria during hypertensive pregnancies: The UDIP study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 129, no. 13 (2022): 2142-2148.
- Lewińska, Izabela, Mikołaj Speichert, Mateusz Granica, and Łukasz Tymecki. "Colorimetric point-of-care paper-based sensors for urinary creatinine with smartphone readout." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 340 (2021): 129915.
- Diforti, Joaquin F., Thomas Cunningham, Esteban Piccinini, Waldemar A. Marmisolle, Jose M. Piccinini, and Omar Azzaroni. "Noninvasive and multiplex self-test of kidney disease biomarkers with graphene-based lab-on-a-chip (G-LOC): toward digital diagnostics in the hands of patients." Analytical Chemistry 96, no. 15 (2024): 5832-5842.
- Olarinoye, Adebunmi O., Noah O. Olaomo, Kike T. Adesina, Grace G. Ezeoke, and Abiodun P. Aboyeji. "Comparative diagnosis of premature rupture of membrane by nitrazine test, urea, and creatinine estimation." International Journal of Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 16.
- Lin, Taiping, Tingting Jiang, Xiaotao Huang, Ping Xu, Rui Liang, Quhong Song, Xiangping Tu et al. "Diagnostic test accuracy of serum creatinine and cystatin C-based index for sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Age and Ageing 53, no. 1 (2024): afad252.
- Lin, Taiping, Tingting Jiang, Xiaotao Huang, Ping Xu, Rui Liang, Quhong Song, Xiangping Tu et al. "Diagnostic test accuracy of serum creatinine and cystatin C-based index for sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Age and Ageing 53, no. 1 (2024): afad252.
- Okubo, Naoki, Takashi Yoshida, Kazuya Tanaka, Naoya Okada, Kunihiko Hosoi, Masato Ohara, and Kenji Takahashi. "Serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio reflects preoperative and early postoperative walking ability in older patients with hip fracture." Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 13, no. 2 (2022): 945-954.