Abstract
The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has paved the way for innovative energy management solutions, particularly through bi-directional energy transfer systems. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) technologies enable EVs to not only consume energy from the grid but also supply energy back to it, creating a dynamic interaction between EVs and the power grid. This bi-directional capability holds significant potential for enhancing grid stability, supporting renewable energy integration, and providing economic benefits to EV owners. However, the implementation of such systems requires robust design, efficient control strategies, and thorough analysis to ensure optimal performance and reliability. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a bi-directional battery system for EVs, designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink, to evaluate its performance in both V2G and G2V modes. The proposed system integrates a lithium-ion battery pack, a bi-directional DC-AC converter, and a control system to manage energy transfer between the EV battery and the power grid. The MATLAB Simulink model includes detailed components such as the battery block with SOC estimation, the bi-directional converter, and a three-phase grid interface. Simulation results demonstrate that the system achieves an energy transfer efficiency of 92% in both V2G and G2V modes, effectively maintains the battery SOC within the 20%-80% range, and ensures stable grid synchronization under varying load conditions. The findings highlight the system's potential to support grid stability and renewable energy integration while addressing challenges such as battery degradation and grid infrastructure requirements.
References
- J. Mojumder, Md Rayid Hasan, Fahmida Ahmed Antara, Md Hasanuzzaman, Basem Alamri, and Mohammad Alsharef. "Electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies: Impact on the power grid and battery." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 13856.
- Kumar, Pulkit, Harpreet Kaur Channi, Raman Kumar, Asha Rajiv, Bharti Kumari, Gurpartap Singh, Sehijpal Singh, Issa Farhan Dyab, and Jasmina Lozanović. "A comprehensive review of vehicle-to-grid integration in electric vehicles: Powering the future." Energy Conversion and Management: X (2024): 100864.
- Jiao, Feixiang, Yuan Zou, Xudong Zhang, and Runnan Zou. "Multi-objective optimal energy management of microgrids including plug-in electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid capability for energy resources scheduling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 235, no. 3 (2021): 563-580.
- Mohammadi, Fazel, Gholam-Abbas Nazri, and Mehrdad Saif. "A bidirectional power charging control strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (2019): 4317.
- L. Lazzeroni, Paolo, Sergio Olivero, Maurizio Repetto, Federico Stirano, and Marc Vallet. "Optimal battery management for vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid operations in a residential case study." Energy 175 (2019): 704-721.
- Mohammadi, Fazel, Gholam-Abbas Nazri, and Mehrdad Saif. "Modeling, Simulation, and analysis of hybrid electric vehicle using MATLAB/simulink." In 2019 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2019.
- Suneeta. "Simulation and Analysis of Bidirectional Charger in Electric Vehicles." In 2024 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2024.
- Hu, Jian-ming, Yuan-rui Chen, and Zi-juan Yang. "Study and simulation of one bi-directional DC/DC converter in hybrid electric vehicle." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2009.
- Das, Himadry Shekhar, Mohammad Mominur Rahman, Shuhui Li, and Chee Wei Tan. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 120 (2020): 109618.
- Bibak, Bijan, and Hatice Tekiner-Mogulkoc. "Influences of vehicle to grid (V2G) on power grid: An analysis by considering associated stochastic parameters explicitly." Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 26 (2021): 100429.