IRO Journals
IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems

Geo-Fencing Based Cattle Monitoring System Using LoRa

Open Access
Published: 08 May, 2026
Pages: 81-95
  • Dakshayani J. , Dakshayani J.
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Gowthami K S. , Gowthami K S.
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Aishwarya C. , Aishwarya C.
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Navya Sree S. , Navya Sree S.
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Kodanda Ramaiah G N. Kodanda Ramaiah G N.
    Director R & D, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Director R & D, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
view PDF
view PDF

How to Cite

J., Dakshayani, Gowthami K S., Aishwarya C., Navya Sree S., and Kodanda Ramaiah G N. 2026. “Geo-Fencing Based Cattle Monitoring System Using LoRa ”. IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 8 (2): 81-95. https://doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2026.2.003.
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Keywords

Long-Range Technology (LoRa)
Geo-Fencing
Cattle Monitoring
RSSI
ESP32
GPS
GSM
IoT
Smart Agriculture
Livestock Tracking

Abstract

The current research work proposes a geo-fencing-based cattle monitoring system that uses LoRa (Long-Range) technology for livestock tracking and boundary monitoring in smart agriculture applications. In the proposed monitoring system, RSSI is used to calculate the distance from the base station to the cattle collar unit. Based on the distance from the base station, the movement of the cattle is categorized as falling within the safe, warning, and critical zone regions. In the proposed geo-fencing-based monitoring system, ESP32 microcontroller, LoRa communication module, GPS, GSM, and buzzer are used to provide effective long-range communication and real-time alerting capabilities. In order to conserve energy, the GPS sensor remains off except when there is a need to determine whether the cattle have moved out of the specified geo-fencing region. Experimental testing revealed that the proposed monitoring system can communicate effectively up to 1 km range while ensuring low packet losses and power efficiency with about 93% geo-fencing accuracy. About 35% of battery-saving efficiency was achieved due to conditional GPS operation.

References

  1. Kumkhet, Boonyarit, Nisit Pukrongta, Noraset Wichaipanich, Pubet Sangmahamad, Tanaporn Pechrkool, Virote Pirajnanchai, Patchadaporn Sangpet, Utthapon Issara, and Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn. "Low-Cost LoRa-based System for Continuous GHGs Monitoring in Cattle: Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability." IEEE Access 13 (2025): 17963-17982.
  2. Nosouhi, Mohammad Reza, Keshav Sood, Robin Doss, Gang Li, Zubair Baig, Anandakumaran Sellathurai, and Anjali Kaushik. "A Reliable Monitoring of Livestock Location and Geo-Fencing Application." IEEE Internet of Things Magazine (2025), doi: 10.1109/MIOT.2025.3639008
  3. Mohapatra, Hitesh. "A LoRa IoT Framework with Machine Learning for Remote Livestock Monitoring in Smart Agriculture." 2025, arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.07322.
  4. Pandey, Bharati, Lakshmi Sonkusale, and Awdhesh Kumar Mishra. "Smart Solutions for Livestock Management and Health Monitoring." PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL 46, no. 2 (2026): 256-271.
  5. Diane, Ass, Ousmane Diallo, and El Hadji Malick Ndoye. "A Systematic and Comprehensive Review on Low Power Wide Area Network: Characteristics, Architecture, Applications And Research Challenges." 2025, Discover Internet of Things 5, no. 1: 7.
  6. Lorincz, Josip, Marko Kusačić, Edin Čusto, and Zoran Blažević. "A Comprehensive Multiple Linear Regression Modeling and Analysis of LoRa User Device Energy Consumption." 2025, Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 15, no. 1: 5.
  7. Torres-Sanz, Vicente, Pablo Donate, Julio A. Sanguesa, and Piedad Garrido. "LoRaWAN for ITS: Overcoming Connectivity Challenges in Remote Areas." In 2025 34th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), 1-6.
  8. Kashyap, Monika, Gourav Verma, and Vidushi Sharma. "Empowering IoT Connectivity with LoRa Technology: A Deep Dive into Long-Range Communication." Engineering Research Express 7, no. 1 (2025): 015429.
  9. Sowmiya, P., R. Sujitra, M. R. Srinidhi, B. P. Bhuvana, and V. Yokesh. "IoT-Based Rural Animal Monitoring and Theft Prevention System." In 2025 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-5.
  10. Sandlana, Muzi, Topside E. Mathonsi, Deon du Plessis, and Chunling Tu. "A Real-Time Internet of Things-Based Wireless Livestock Tracking System for Theft Prevention." The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science 3 (2025), Vol. 14, Issue 3: 4349-4366.