Enhancing Handwritten Text Recognition on Mobile Platforms Using Cloudlet-Assisted Deep Learning
PDF
PDF

How to Cite

M., Praseetha V, and Joby P P. 2025. “Enhancing Handwritten Text Recognition on Mobile Platforms Using Cloudlet-Assisted Deep Learning”. Journal of Innovative Image Processing 6 (4): 456-71. https://doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2024.4.008.

Keywords

  • HCR
  • CNN
  • Cloudlets
  • Training
  • Validation

Abstract

The limited computational resources of mobile devices significantly constrain their ability to effectively execute resource-intensive computer vision tasks, such as , video processing, augmented reality, and face recognition. Handwritten character recognition (HCR) is a critical application of machine learning and computer vision, with wide-ranging implications for digital transformation and accessibility. This proposed study explores the implementation of a deep learning-based HCR system tailored for mobile phones using cloudlet. A cloudlet is a novel technology aimed at boosting the computational power of mobile devices to manage resource-intensive tasks. It enables mobile clients to interact with nearby servers, allowing only minimally processed data to be transmitted from the mobile application to the server. The server handles the complex computations and sends the results back to the mobile device in real-time. By utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the proposed method achieves high accuracy and efficiency on resource-constrained mobile devices. The research details the system architecture, dataset preprocessing, model training, and integration into an Android application, offering a robust solution for real-time handwritten character recognition.

References

Y. Lecun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio and P. Haffner, "Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 11, Nov. 1998, doi: 10.1109/5.726791.

Burges, C. J. (1998), "A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition," Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 2278-2324

Hussain, M., et al. (2018), "Efficient Handwritten Digit Recognition on Mobile Devices using CNN," IEEE Access.

Bailing Zhang, Minyue Fu, Hong Yan and M. A. Jabri, "Handwritten digit recognition by adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM)," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, July 1999, doi: 10.1109/72.774267. 939-945.

V. Rajasekar, J. Premalatha, V. Rangaraaj, B. Rajaraman and A. O. S. Prakash, "Efficient Handwriting Character Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network," 2022 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI)

Weng, Y., Xia, C. A New Deep Learning-Based Handwritten Character Recognition System on Mobile Computing Devices. Mobile Netw Appl 25, 402–411 (2020). Ravindran, K., et al. (2017), "Cloud-Based Handwriting Recognition for Mobile Devices," IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing.

T. R. Indhu, V. Vidya and V. K. Bhadran, "Multilingual Online Handwriting Recognition System: An Android App," 2015 Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications (ICACC), Kochi, India, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ICACC.2015.11. 33-36.

Katiyar, G., Mehfuz, S. A hybrid recognition system for off-line handwritten characters. SpringerPlus 5, 357 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1775-7

M. Satyanarayanan, Z. Chen, K. Ha, W. Hu, W. Richter and P. Pillai, "Cloudlets: at the leading edge of mobile-cloud convergence," 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications and Services, Austin, TX, USA, 2014, doi: 10.4108/icst.mobicase.2014.257757. 1-9.

Satyanarayanan, M., Chen, Z., Ha, K., & Hu, W. (2014). Cloudlets: At the leading edge of mobile-cloud convergence. Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications and Services (MobiCASE), Austin, TX.

Weiser, M. (1999). The computer for the 21st century. Newsletter-ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 3(3), 3-11.

Flinn, J., Park, S. & Satyanarayanan, M. (2002). Balancing performance, energy, and quality in pervasive computing. Proceedings of 22nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

Su, Y.-Y., & Flinn, J. (2005). Slingshot: Deploying stateful services in wireless hotspots. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, Seattle, WA, ACM.

Balan, R., K., Gergle, D., Satyanarayanan, M., & Herbsleb, J. (2007). Simplifying cyber foraging for mobile devices. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services.

Kristense, M. D., & Bouvin, N. O. (2008). Developing cyber foraging applications for portable devices. Proceedings of 7th IEEE Conference on Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics and 2nd IEEE International Interdisciplinary Conference on Portable Information Devices, PORTABLE-POLYTRONIC, Garmish –Partenkirchen.

Praseetha, V. M., & Vadivel, S. (2016). Face extraction using skin color and PCA face recognition in a mobile cloudlet environment. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering, Oxford, UK. 41-45

Hinton, G., et al. (2015). Distilling the knowledge in a neural network. NIPS Workshop.

Shi, B., Bai, X., & Yao, C. (2016). An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition.

Cho, D., Wolman, A., Saroiu, S., Chandra, R., & Bahl, P. (2010). MAUI: Making smartphones last longer with code offload. Proceedings of the 8th International ACM Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services.

Soyata, T., Muraleedharan, R., Funai, C., Kwon, M., & Heinzelman, W. (2012). Cloud-vision: Real-time face recognition using a mobile-cloudlet-cloud acceleration architecture. Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC).

Teka, F. A. (2014). Seamless Live Virtual Machine Migration for Cloudlet Users with Multipath TCP. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario.

Satyanarayanan, M., Bahl, P., Caceres, R. & Davies, N. (2009). The case for VM-based cloudlets in mobile computing. Pervasive Computing, 8(4), 14-23.

Tactical Cloudlets: Moving Cloud Computing to the Edge. From https://www.sei.cmu.edu/mobilecomputing/research/tactical-cloudlets/

Wolbach, A., Harkes, J., Chellappa, S., & Satyanarayanan, M. (2008). Transient customization of mobile computing infrastructure. Proceedings of the First Workshop on Virtualization in Mobile Computing.

Athira M Nair et al. 2021, “Handwritten Character recognition using deep learning in mobile devices”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8, 171.

Praseetha, V M, Ankit Bansal, and S Vadivel, “Mobile-Cloudlet face recognition: Two different approaches”, Journal of Computers, 13(1), 116–130, (2018).

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/landlord/handwritingrecognition?resource=download