Journal of IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics, and Cloud
IRO Journals
Volume 8 — Issue 2 — June 2026

Solar Powered Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot with Ammonium Ball Suppression Technology

https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2026.2.001
Pages: 109-127
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Vinodhini S.
Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, India
Sidharth V.
Students, Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, India
Nishanth Niruban M.
Students, Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, India
Hariharan B.
Students, Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, India
Harish Kumar M.
Students, Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, India
June 2026
Volume 8 — Issue 2
Journal of IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics, and Cloud
PDF

How to Cite

S., Vinodhini, Sidharth V., Nishanth Niruban M., Hariharan B., and Harish Kumar M. 2026. “Solar Powered Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot With Ammonium Ball Suppression Technology”. Journal of IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics, and Cloud 8 (2): 109-27. https://doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2026.2.001.
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Keywords

— Solar Energy
— Autonomous Fire-Fighting Robot
— Ammonium Fire Suppression
— IoT Monitoring
— Smart Safety System
— Renewable Robotics
Published: 07-04-2026

Abstract

In this paper, a design, implementation, and experimental validation of a solar powered fire-fighting robot incorporating multisensor probabilistic fire detection, IoT remote monitoring capability, and ammoniabased fire-fighting mechanism is presented. For fire detection, the proposed framework employs inputs in terms of flame intensity, smoke density, and temperature changes processed through a logistic regression based probabilistic model. The process flow involved in this system includes environment sensing, processing of sensor data, probabilistic fire detection, autonomous movement towards fire origin, and releasing of suppression balls containing ammonia. A total of 120 tests are carried out under both fire and no fire environments for evaluation purposes. The experiments indicate that the system under test achieves accuracy in fire detection equal to 94.2%, having an average delay of 2.8 seconds while having a false alarm percentage of 5.8%. For power provision to the system, a 12V, 7AH rechargeable battery is employed with solar charging providing autonomy of operation up to 4.6 hours under no sun conditions. The experimental study proves that the multi-sensor system outperforms traditional approaches that depend on a single sensor or robotic system that operates under water when it comes to accuracy and reaction time. The multi-sensor system offers an intelligent and sustainable solution for fire detection.

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