IRO Journals
Recent Research Reviews Journal

Experimental Study of Forging Behavior of Aluminium Using Graphite Lubricants with Different Particle Sizes

Open Access
Published: 11 June, 2026
Pages: 83-97
  • Sivasubramanian A. , Sivasubramanian A.
    Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
    Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
  • Purushooth B. , Purushooth B.
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
  • Uthami Raj V. , Uthami Raj V.
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
  • Muthukumar M. , Muthukumar M.
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
  • Nagarajan N. Nagarajan N.
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
    Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Thoothukudi, India
view PDF
view PDF

How to Cite

A., Sivasubramanian, Purushooth B., Uthami Raj V., Muthukumar M., and Nagarajan N. 2026. “Experimental Study of Forging Behavior of Aluminium Using Graphite Lubricants With Different Particle Sizes”. Recent Research Reviews Journal 5 (1): 83-97. https://doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2026.1.006.
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Keywords

Upset Forging
Aluminium 6061
Graphite Lubricant
Barreling
Surface Roughness

Abstract

Upset forging has been considered as an important metal forming process, since most closed die forgings commence with an upsetting phase and the deformation in upset forging may cause surface defects at the bulged surface. A series of investigations have been going on in bulk metal forming. Upset forging has become increasingly important in marine, aerospace and automobile applications. In this proposed work, intended to perform experiments and to generate data on cold upset forging of aluminium 6061 with graphite powder lubricant with different particle size applied on sides of the billet. The dimensions of aluminium pieces measured before upsetting. These aspect ratio of ''1'' will be prepared. The loads used for each deformation will be recorded from the dial indicator on compression testing machine. The relationship will also be established between the various bulge parameters namely loads, heights, surface roughness and the microstructure of materials under different lubricants with compared to dry condition. The relationship between Loads versus Displacement curve has been plotted for aspect ratio with lubricant different particle sizes conditions. Hardness will be measured for lubricant different particle sizes with aspect ratio at before and after forging.

References

  1. Frint, P., MF-X. Wagner, S. Weber, S. Seipp, S. Frint, and T. Lampke. "An Experimental Study on Optimum Lubrication for Large-Scale Severe Plastic Deformation of Aluminum-Based Alloys." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2017, vol. 239: 222-229.
  2. Podgornik, B., T. Kosec, A. Kocijan, and Č. Donik. "Tribological Behaviour and Lubrication Performance of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) as a Replacement for Graphite in Aluminium Forming." Tribology International 2015, vol. 81: 267-275.
  3. Kumar, R. Ashok, A. Devaraju, and S. Arunkumar. "Experimental Investigation On Mechanical Behaviour and Wear Parameters of Tic and Graphite Reinforced Aluminium Hybrid Composites." Materials Today: Proceedings 2018, vol. 5, no. 6: 14244-14251.
  4. Baradeswaran, A., S. C. Vettivel, A. Elaya Perumal, N. Selvakumar, and R. Franklin Issac. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behaviour, Modelling and Optimization of Wear Parameters of B4C And Graphite Reinforced Aluminium Hybrid Composites." Materials & Design 2014, vol. 63: 620-632.
  5. Ravindran, P., K. Manisekar, Ramaswamy Narayanasamy, and P. Narayanasamy. "Tribological Behaviour of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Aluminium Hybrid Composites with the Addition of Graphite Solid Lubricant." Ceramics International 2013, vol. 39, no. 2: 1169-1182.
  6. Pillai, U. T. S., and R. K. Pandey. "Studies on Mechanical Behaviour of the Cast and the Forged Al-Graphite Particulate Composites." Journal of Composite Materials 1989, vol. 23, no. 2: 108-132.
  7. Alimirzaloo, V., S. SheydayiGurchinQaleh, P. MashhadiKeshtiban, and S. Ahmadi. "Investigation of the Effect of CuO and Al2O3 Nanolubricants on the Surface Roughness in the Forging Process of Aluminum Alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 2017, vol. 231, no. 12: 1595-1604.
  8. Sugözü, İlker, and Banu Sugözü. "Investigation of the Effect of Solid Lubricant Particle Sizes on Friction and Wear Properties in Friction Composites: An Experimental Case Study with Graphite." International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology 2021, vol. 5, no. 3: 179-183.
  9. POUNGPRASERT, Raschanan, Nattarawee SIRIPATH, Naiyanut JANTEPA, and Surasak SURANUNTCHAI. "FEM Modeling and Comparative Study of Graphite Lubricants in the Hot Forging of AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 2025, vol. 35, no. 4: e2325-e2325.
  10. Ngaile, Gracious, and Frank Botz. "Performance of Graphite and Boron-Nitride-Silicone Based Lubricants and Associated Lubrication Mechanisms in Warm Forging of Aluminum.", Journal of Tribology 2008, vol. 130, no. 2: 021801.